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1. The ___ is a federal agency under the U.S. Department of Labor that develops and enforces workplace safety and health regulations.
1) Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)
2) American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
3) National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)
4) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
2. ___ control is the simplest and most common control strategy
1) Integral
2) Deadband
3) ON/OFF
4) Propotional
3. Static characteristics are the characteristics of an element that describe the operation of the element at _________ conditions when the process is not changing.
1) Steady-state
2) Unsteady-state
3) Controlled
4) Setpoint
4. Process ___ is a system that combines measuring materials and controlling instruments into an arrangement capable of automatic action
1) Response
2) Control
3) Variation
4) Variation
5. A(n) ___ is a control system in which one or more instruments are connected together to perform a task.
1) Dynamic error
2) Instrument loop
3) Variable
4) Stable system
6. Factory automation places priority on ___.
1) High Capital investment
2) Process uptime
3) Production speed
4) Data management
7. The ___ is the sensing device that detects the condition of the process variable.
1) Final element
2) Primary element
3) Control element
4) Controller
8. ___ automation refers to processes involving batch and continuous flow of liquids, gases, and bulk solids.
1) Final
2) Process
3) Factory
4) Primary
9. The predominant type of controller used in ___ control is a microprocessor-based electronic controller
1) Time propotional ON/OFF
2) Open loop
3) ON/OFF
4) Propotional
10. A(n) ___ typically includes symbols for the equipment and the instruments.
1) PA/FA
2) PFD
3) P&ID
4) ISA
11. A ___ is the desired value at which the process should be controlled and is used by the controller for comparison with the process variable.
1) Setpoint
2) Control variable
3) Manipulated Variable
4) Control element
12. ___ is the closeness to which elements provide agreement among measured values.
1) Repeatability
2) Sensitivity
3) Accuracy
4) Precision
13. ___ is the difference between the value at which the controller activates and value at which the controller deactivates.
1) Bias
2) Range
3) Deadband
4) Drift
14. The ___ is a technical society that develops standards related to instrumentation
1) International Society of Automation (ISA)
2) International Electrotechnical Comission (IEC)
3) American National Standards Insitute (ANSI)
4) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
15. ___ is the degree to which multiple measurements do not approximate a straight line on a graph
1) Stability
2) Hysteresis
3) Nonlinearity
4) Fidelity
16. Common types of ___ elements are control valves, hydraulic pistons, variable-speed drives, relays, pumps, and dampers.
1) Measuring
2) Final
3) Control
4) Primary
17. In a P&ID designation, the ___ identifies the function of an instrument and the variable that is being measured.
1) Last number
2) First letter
3) First number
4) Last letter
18. ___ is used to certify that an instrument meets performance requirements when tested with calibrated and certified test equipment.
1) Proportional control
2) Calibration
3) Process Control
4) Automation
19. A balloon is a circular symbol used to identify the ___ and loop number of an instrument or device on a P&ID.
1) Accuracy
2) Location
3) Size
4) Function
20. A ________ is the dependent variable that is to be controlled in a control system.
1) Control variable
2) Process variable
3) Setpoint
21. Temperature is an indirect measurement of the ___ energy contained in molecules
1) Air and heat
2) Water
3) Heat
4) Air
22. ___ is heat transfer that occurs when molecules in a material are heated and the heat is passed from molecule to molecule through the material.
1) Conduction
2) Radiation
3) Convection
4) Generation
23. The Rankine (�R) scale is the absolute equivalent of the ___ scale.
1) British thermal unit
2) Kelvin
3) Fahrenheit
4) Celsius
24. Specific heat is the ratio of the heat capacity of a liquid to the heat capacity of ___ at the same temperature.
1) A similar liquid
2) A similar liquid
3) Air
4) Water
25. Heat capacity is the amount of ___ needed to change the temperature of a material by a certain amount.
1) Liquid
2) Energy
3) Air
4) Gas
26. The Kelvin (K) scale is the absolute equivalent of the ___ scale.
1) Fahrenheit
2) Kelvin
3) British thermal unit
4) Celsius
27. Absolute ___ is a theoretical state and cannot actually be reached.
1) Heat
2) Negative
3) Heat transfer
4) Zero
28. ___ convection is the unaided movement of a gas or liquid caused by a pressure difference due to a difference in density within the gas or liquid
1) Radiant
2) Solar
3) Natural
4) Forced
29. ___ is heat transfer by electromagnetic waves emitted by a higher-temperature object and absorbed by a lower-temperature object.
1) Natural convection
2) Radiation
3) Forced convection
4) Conduction
30. ___ convection is the movement of a gas or liquid due to a pressure difference caused by the mechanical action of a fan or pump.
1) Radiative
2) Forced
3) Natural
4) Solar
31. The coefficient of volumetric expansion is the amount a unit _______ of a material expands or contracts with temperature changes
1) Unit
2) Length
3) Energy
4) Volume
32. A ___ thermometer is a thermal expansion thermometer consisting of a filled, hollow spring attached to a capillary tube and bulb.
1) Bimetallic
2) Vapor-pressure
3) Pressure-spring
4) Liquid-filled
33. With the ___, there is a net motion of charged particles.
1) Law of intermediate metals
2) Law of intermediate temperatures
3) Peltier effect
4) Thomson effect
34. The Thomson effect is a thermoelectric effect where heat is generated or absorbed when an electric current passes through a conductor in which there is a temperature gradient.
1) Law of intermediate metals
2) Thomson effect
3) Peltier effect
4) Law of intermediate temperatures
35. The electrical resistance of most thermistors decreases with an increase in ___.
1) Capacitance
2) Voltage
3) Pressure
4) Temperature
36. A bimetallic thermometer is a thermal expansion thermometer that uses a strip consisting of two metal alloys
1) Vapor-pressure
2) Bimetallic
3) Pressure-spring
4) Liquid-filled
37. Thermistors have much higher _____ than RTDs.
1) Energy
2) Capacitance
3) Heat
4) Resistance
38. _______ is the ratio of the heat capacity of a liquid to the heat capacity of water at the same temperature.
1) Heat transfer
2) Heat
3) Specific heat
4) Energy
39. An _______ thermometer is a sensor that determines the temperature of an object by detecting
1) Vapor-pressure
2) Liquid-filled
3) Infrared
4) Bimetallic
40. A________ is an electrical thermometer consisting of a high-precision resistor with resistance that varies with temperature, a voltage or current source, and a measuring circuit.
1) Resistance temperature detector
2) RTD
3) Thermistors
4) Temperature
41. ___ pressure is pressure measured with atmospheric pressure as the zero point of the scale.
1) Gauge
2) Negative gauge
3) Absolute
4) Vacuum
42. ___ is force divided by the area over which that force is applied.
1) Area
2) Pressure drop
3) Pressure
4) Head
43. Pressure is weight or force divided by ___.
1) Volume
2) Heat capacity
3) Area
4) Vacuum
44. ___ pressure is the pressure that is due to the weight of the atmosphere above the point where it is measured.
1) Head
2) Atmospheric
3) Pneumatic
4) Hydrostatic
45. ___ is the actual height of a column of liquid.
1) Atmospheric
2) Pneumatic
3) Head
4) Hydrostatic
46. ___ pressure is the pressure due to the head of a liquid column.
1) Differential
2) Atmospheric
3) Hydrostatic
4) Hydraulic
47. ___ pressure is the pressure of air or another gas.
1) Hydraulic
2) Differential
3) Atmospheric
4) Pneumatic
48. ___ pressure is the pressure of a confined liquid that has been subjected to the action of a pump.
1) Differential
2) Atmospheric
3) Pneumatic
4) Hydraulic
49. In a ___, a fluid under pressure is allowed to push against a liquid in a tube.
1) Bourdon tube
2) Manometer
3) Bellows
4) Capsule
50. A basic ___ consists of two small, thin electrically conductive plates.
1) Resistor
2) Voltage source
3) Capacitor
4) Current source
51. A hydraulic press shows the application of ___
1) Differential pressure
2) Atmospheric pressure
3) Pascal�s Law
4) Pneumatic actuator
52. Pascal's law is a law stating that the pressure applied to a confined ___ fluid is transmitted with equal intensity throughout the fluid
1) Moving
2) Static
3) Changeable
4) Active
53. The ___ of a differential pressure cell is a stretched spring element that deflects in response to a differential pressure applied across it.
1) Lead wires
2) Isolating diaphragm
3) Center diaphragm
4) Capacitor plates
54. Embedded in each reluctance pressure transducer block is a magnetic core and coil assembly with a gap between the diaphragm and the ___.
1) Primary coil
2) Pressure port
3) Bellows
4) Core
55. The potential produced by a(n) ___ in a piezoelectric pressure transducer can be amplified and conditioned to be proportional to the applied pressure.
1) Lead wires
2) Diaphragm
3) Crystal
4) Electrode
56. Adding ___ to inlet lines limits pulsations and surges
1) Pressure seals
2) Snubbers
3) Inlet tubing
4) Manometers
57. If two seal pots are used in the wet legs of a(n) ___ pressure measurement, the seal pots must be at the same elevation.
1) Absolute
2) Vacuum
3) Gauge
4) Differential
58. If a manometer is using a fluid with a gravity greater than 1.0, any condensed water will be collected in the manometer on ___ of the manometer fluid.
1) The pressurized tube
2) The bottom
3) Top
4) The unpressurized tube
59. A(n) ___ is a C-shaped tube that is flattened into an elliptical cross section
1) Bellows
2) Inlet tube
3) Bourdon tube
4) Diaphragm
60. In order to protect an instrument from a process fluid, a suitable purge gas is fed through a pressure regulator with a setting ___ than the maximum process pressure to be measured.
1) Slightly lower
2) Significantly lower
3) Significantly higher
4) Slightly higher
61. For a vertical cylindrical tank with a ___ bottom, each unit of level represents an equal unit of volume.
1) Concave
2) Dished
3) Flat
4) Convex
62. Level is normally measured in ___ or translated into units of volume or weight.
1) Linear units of length
2) Square units of area
3) Square units of area
4) Nonlinear units of length
63. Common visual level measuring instruments are gauge glasses, magnetically coupled level gauges, and ___.
1) Bubblers
2) Cable and weight systems
3) Differential pressure instruments
4) Displacers
64. A ___ is a point level measuring instrument consisting of a hollow ball that floats on top of a liquid in a tank and is attached to the instrument.
1) Float
2) Bubbler
3) Pressure cell
4) Displacer
65. For an open vessel, the simplest way to measure hydrostatic pressure is to connect a ___ to the side of the vessel at the lowest practical level.
1) Weight
2) Bridge circuit
3) Gauge glass
4) Pressure gauge
66. A ___ level-control capacitance probe is used as a switch to signal an alarm or actuate a circuit when the level in a tank or vessel reaches a specified level.
1) Resistance-inductive
2) Continuous flow
3) Single-point
4) Two-point
67. A conductivity probe is a(n) ___ measuring system consisting of a circuit of two or more probes or electrodes, or an electrode and the vessel wall.
1) Continuous
2) Inductive
3) Capacitance
4) Point level
68. ___ probes are affected by changes in the dielectric constant of the material in the vessel.
1) Capacitance
2) Magnetostrictive
3) Conductivity
4) Inductive
69. A(n) ___ sensor is a point level measuring instrument consisting of two probes, with one of the probe tips being heated.
1) Thermal dispersion
2) Beam-breaking photometric
3) Magnetostrictive
4) Optical liquid-level
70. A time domain reflectometer (TDR) is another name for ___ radar.
1) Frequency modulated continuous wave
2) Static
3) Guided wave
4) Pulsed
71. ___ is the time it takes for a transmitted ultrasonic signal to travel from the level transmitter to the surface and back to the receiver.
1) Frequency
2) Transit time
3) Reflectivity
4) Reflection time
72. A tuning fork level detector is a ___ measuring instrument consisting of a vibrating tuning fork that resonates at a particular sound frequency
1) Pulsed radar
2) Continuous level
3) Point level
4) Guided wave radar
73. For a nuclear level instrument, elements such as cesium 137 or cobalt 60 provide a(n) ___ in the form of gamma rays.
1) Radioactive source
2) Direct current
3) Ultrasonic frequency
4) Alternating current
74. If multiple load cells are used on one vessel, the maximum total weight of the vessel is ___ the number of load cells.
1) Added to
2) Subtracted from
3) Divided by
4) Multiplied by
75. ___-type strain gauge load cells are used to measure the weight in vertical vessels.
1) Stay
2) Tension
3) Shear
4) Compression
76. ___ flow is the flow of a bulk solid where all material in a silo flows down toward the bottom at the same rate.
1) Volumetric
2) Mass
3) Rathole
4) Funnel
77. ___ is the process of discharging water and undesirable accumulated material.
1) Free flow
2) Bridging
3) Blowdown
4) Funnel flow
78. A(n) ___ is a valve located on a water column used to determine the boiler water level if the gauge glass is not functional.
1) Low water fuel cutoff
2) Blowdown valve
3) Try cock
4) Isolation valve
79. Try cocks are typically used for pressures up to ___ psi.
1) 600
2) 250
3) 150
4) 15
80. A(n) ___ sensor is the part of a continuous level measuring system consisting of an electronics module, a waveguide, and a float containing a magnet
1) Beam-breaking photometric
2) Magnetostrictive
3) Thermal dispersion
4) Optical liquid-level
81. ___ law states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of a gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the volume remains constant.
1) Charles�
2) Gay-Lussac�s
3) Boyle�s
4) The combined gas
82. ___ is the quantity of fluid passing a point at a particular moment.
1) Flow rate
2) Turbulent flow
3) Total flow
4) Laminar flow
83. The combined gas law shows the relationship between volume, pressure, and ___.
1) Temperature
2) Gas
3) Heat
4) Liquid
84. Fluid power systems transmit power through a(n) ___ hydraulic fluid
1) Compressible
2) Incompressible
3) Turbulent
4) Laminar
85. ___ law states that the volume of a given quantity of gas varies directly with its absolute temperature provided the pressure remains constant.
1) Combined gas
2) Charles�
3) Gay-Lussac�s
4) Boyle�s
86. ___ is the quantity of fluid that passes a point during a specific time interval.
1) Turbulent flow
2) Laminar flow
3) Flow rate
4) Total flow
87. ___ law states that the absolute pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume provided the temperature remains constant.
1) Charles�
2) Combined gas
3) Boyle�s
4) Gay-Lussac�s
88. A(n) ___ is the ratio between the inertial forces moving a fluid and viscous forces resisting that movement.
1) Absolute viscosity ratio
2) Reynolds number
3) Kinematic viscosity ratio
4) Turbulent flow profile
89. ___ viscosity is the resistance to flow of a fluid and has units of centipoise (cP).
1) Reynolds
2) Kinematic
3) Turbulent
4) Absolute
90. Turbulent flow in pipes typically occurs at Reynolds numbers above about ___.
1) 40
2) 4
3) 4000
4) 100000
91. A primary flow element is a pipeline restriction that causes a(n) ___ used to measure flow.
1) Pressure drop
2) Voltage signal
3) Current signal
4) Electrical resistance
92. If the maximum measurable flow rate of a flowmeter is 100 gpm of water and the minimum flow rate is 20 gpm of water, the rangeability is ___.
1) 5 to 2
2) 5 to 1
3) 2 to 1
4) 10 to 1
93. A(n) ___ flowmeter admits fluid into a chamber of known volume and then discharges it.
1) Shaped-float
2) Metering-cone
3) Positive-displacement
4) Orifice
94. A ___ meter is a flowmeter consisting of paddles mounted on a shaft fastened in a housing, which can be inserted into a straight section of pipe.
1) Positive-displacement
2) Paddle wheel
3) Bypass
4) Turbine
95. For open-channel flow measurements, a ___ is installed in the outlet of a stilling basin
1) Parshall flume
2) Weir
3) Turbine meter
4) Cipolletti disc
96. A ___ flowmeter maintains a constant differential pressure and allows the flow area to change with flow rate.
1) Positive-displacement
2) Parshall flume
3) Paddle wheel
4) Variable area
97. A magnetic meter is a flowmeter consisting of a tube lined with ___ material, with two electrical coils mounted on the tube.
1) Laminar
2) Turbulent
3) Nonconductive
4) Conductive
98. A Coriolis meter is a mass flowmeter consisting of specially formed tubing that is ___ at a right angle to the flowing mass of fluid.
1) Installed
2) Oscillated
3) Plugged
4) Mounted
99. ___ taps are located in the orifice plate flanges 1" upstream and downstream of the orifice plate faces
1) Pipe
2) Tube
3) Flange
4) Vena contracta
100. Pneumatic integrators that receive 3 psig to ___ psig signals were developed for nonelectrical devices in applications where explosives are present.
1) 15
2) 10
3) 5
4) 20
101. A ___ is a device that receives a control signal and regulates the amount of material or energy in a process.
1) Controller
2) Measuring element
3) Final element
4) Primary element
102. A ___ valve does not allow pressurized fluid to flow out of the valve in the spring-actuated (de-energized) position.
1) Quick-opening
2) Normally closed
3) Normally opened
4) Linear
103. 103. A valve flow characteristic is the relationship between ___ and control valve open travel, with all other factors that affect flow held constant.
1) Piping resistance
2) Valve flow capacity
3) Pressure
4) Rangeability
104. ___ is a ratio of the maximum flow to minimum flow at a desired measurement accuracy.
1) Rangeability
2) Stem movement
3) Flow ratio
4) Flow characteristic
105. A(n) ___ valve allows the flow rate percentage to change by an amount equal to the change in the opening percentage.
1) Cage globe
2) Quick-opening
3) Equal-percentage
4) Bypass
106. Flashing is a process in which a portion of a liquid ___ as it passes through a control valve.
1) Converts to vapor
2) Reaches the critical pressure ratio
3) Reaches sonic velocity
4) Begins choked flow
107. ___ is a process in which vapor bubbles in a flowing liquid collapse inside a control valve as the pressure begins to increase.
1) Rangeability
2) Erosion
3) Cavitation
4) Dynamic range
108. A ___ valve is a throttling valve where fluid flow enters horizontally, turns through the plug and seat, and makes another turn to exit the valve.
1) Plug
2) Globe
3) V-ball
4) Globe
109. A ___ valve is used to change the flow of materials by means of the movement of a rotating wafer, contoured disc, ball, or plug.
1) Cage globe
2) Rotary shaft
3) Diaphragm
4) Diverting
110. An ON/OFF control valve is used to ___ the flow of materials in pipelines.
1) Mix
2) Divert
3) Start and stop
4) Separate
111. The opening and closing of a regulator valve is controlled by the amount of force on the ___ caused by the backpressure from downstream.
1) Spring
2) Seat gasket
3) Pressure-adjusting screw
4) Diaphragm
112. A(n) ___ pressure regulator uses upstream fluid as a pressure source to power the diaphragm of a larger valve.
1) Pilot-operated
2) Spring-loaded
3) Air-loaded
4) Differential
113. A(n) ___-blade damper is a damper in which adjacent blades are parallel and move in opposite directions from one another.
1) Opposed
2) Round
3) Regulated
4) Parallel
114. A(n) ___ is a device that provides the power and motion to manipulate the moving parts of a valve or damper used to control fluid flow.
1) Positioner
2) Actuator
3) Valve stem
4) Spring
115. A ___ actuator is an actuator that extends the shaft when air is applied to the diaphragm.
1) Reverse-acting
2) Rotary
3) Direct-acting
4) Damper
116. A(n) ___ actuator has an air connection at each end of the piston and does not contain a spring to allow for a known failure position.
1) Spring-return
2) Double-acting
3) Electric
4) Damper
117. A ___ is a solid-state power controller that provides proportional current to a heating element in response to an analog control signal.
1) Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR)
2) Rectifier
3) Transistor
4) Resistance balance
118. A(n) ___ is a device that varies the speed of an electric motor.
1) Zero switching relay
2) Variable-speed drive
3) Centrifugal pump
4) Electromechanical relay
119. Static head is the ___ due to a change in the elevation of a discharge piping system and remains constant for all flow rates.
1) Pressure of fluid
2) Hydraulic curve
3) Pump pressure
4) Pressure drop
120. A(n) ___ is a semiconductor switching device that uses a low-current DC input to switch an AC circuit.
1) Solid-state relay
2) Break
3) Electromechanical relay
4) Throw

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